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Carbidopa and Levodopa (Sinemet)
Carbidopa-levodopa is a combination medication used in the treatment of the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease and Parkinson-like symptoms, which are often seen in conditions such as dopamine transporter deficiency syndrome and certain forms of secondary parkinsonism.
Carbidopa-Levodopa combines two different drugs, Carbidopa and Levodopa, into one medication.
- Levodopa is a precursor of dopamine, a neurotransmitter that is deficient in the brains of people with Parkinson’s disease.
- Carbidopa, on the other hand, is added to inhibit the breakdown of Levodopa before it reaches the brain.
This combination allows a greater amount of Levodopa to reach the brain where it can be converted into dopamine.
Carbidopa-Levodopa belongs to a class of medications known as dopaminergic drugs, which are used to treat disorders characterized by low levels of dopamine in the brain. Levodopa falls under the subcategory of dopamine precursors since it is directly converted to dopamine in the brain. Carbidopa is classified as a dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor, as it prevents the premature conversion of Levodopa to dopamine outside the brain, thereby increasing its availability in the central nervous system.
Carbidopa-Levodopa is used to manage the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease such as tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia (slowness of movement).
It is also indicated for the treatment of Parkinsonism caused by encephalitis, certain medications such as antipsychotics, and carbon monoxide intoxication.
The medication comes in tablet and capsule forms including immediate-release, extended-release, and controlled-release formulations.
In the United States, carbidopa/levodopa is available under the following brand names:
- Sinemet
- Sinemet CR
- Rytary
- Duopa
- Dhivy
Common side effects associated with carbidopa/levodopa may include:
- Twitching
- Loss of appetite
- Trouble sleeping
- Dizziness
- Muscle contractions
- Nausea and vomiting
- Headaches
- Low blood pressure
- Dry mouth
- Weakness
More serious side effects which should be reported to your healthcare provider immediately may include:
- Uncontrolled movements in your face, tongue, arms, or legs
- Difficulty speaking or swallowing
- Difficulty breathing
- Severe dizziness or fainting
- Hallucinations
- Confusion and disorientation
- Depression or mood changes
- Changes in vision or eyesight
- Chest pain
- Abdominal pain
- Severe or ongoing vomiting or diarrhea
- Weakness, numbness, or loss of sensation in the fingers or feet
- Swelling of the face, throat, tongue, lips, eyes, hands, feet, ankles, or lower legs
The above lists of possible side effects associated with carbidopa/levodopa are not exhaustive and other side effects may occur. If you experience any severe or persistent side effects while taking carbidopa/levodopa, it is important to contact your healthcare provider right away.
Frequently Asked Questions About Carbidopa and Levodopa
What Is Carbidopa/Levodopa Used to Treat?
Carbidopa-Levodopa is primarily used to treat the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease and other conditions that present with low levels of dopamine in the brain. It can also be used to manage Parkinson-like symptoms caused by certain medications, infections, or toxic substances.
How Does Carbidopa-Levodopa Work?
Carbidopa-Levodopa works by increasing the levels of dopamine in the brain.
Levodopa works by crossing the blood-brain barrier – a barrier that protects the brain but also restricts many medications from entering – and then being converted into dopamine. This newly synthesized dopamine then helps to restore the dopamine deficiency in the brain, which improves the motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease.
Carbidopa, on the other hand, does not cross the blood-brain barrier. Its primary role is to inhibit the enzyme dopa-decarboxylase in the peripheral tissues. This enzyme would normally convert Levodopa to dopamine outside the brain, which not only reduces the amount of Levodopa available to the brain but can also lead to side effects like nausea and cardiovascular issues. By inhibiting this enzyme, Carbidopa ensures that more Levodopa reaches the brain and also reduces peripheral side effects.
What Are the Most Common Side Effects of Carbidopa/Levodopa?
The most common side effects revolve around the gastrointestinal system and include nausea, loss of appetite, dry mouth, and dizziness. It may also cause headaches, trouble sleeping, and even muscle twitching.
What Is the Typical Starting Dose of Carbidopa/Levodopa?
The dosage and the form of carbidopa/levodopa depend on your specific condition, age, weight, and response to treatment. Your healthcare provider will determine the most appropriate starting dose for you. You should always follow your doctor’s instructions and never change the dosage without consulting them first.
How to Take Carbidopa/Levodopa?
Carbidopa/levodopa is taken orally, with or without food. It is essential to follow your doctor’s instructions and never take more than the recommended dose as this can lead to severe side effects. The medication may be given in different forms such as immediate-release, extended-release, and controlled-release formulations. Each of those formulations has different dosing and administration instructions, so it is vital to carefully read the patient information leaflet provided with your medication.
Do You Need a Prescription for Carbidopa/Levodopa?
Yes, Carbidopa/Levodopa is not available over the counter and requires a prescription from a healthcare provider. This is because the medication’s dosage and administration must be carefully managed to ensure efficacy and minimize the risk of adverse effects. It’s important to consult with your doctor to determine if Carbidopa/Levodopa is the right treatment for your condition and to get a prescription.
Can You Get an Online Prescription for Carbidopa/Levodopa From DrHouse?
Yes, you can receive an online prescription for Carbidopa/Levodopa from DrHouse. Our team of experienced healthcare professionals can prescribe and refill your medication if it’s deemed appropriate for your condition.