Xyzal, generic name levocetirizine, is an antihistamine. Like other drugs in this class, it reduces the proliferation of histamines, chemicals the immune system makes to remove substances it believes pose a threat. In most cases, histamines are helpful during infections or when you get a cut. They marshal the immune system and assist your body in repairing the damage. However, in other conditions such as allergies, histamines can build up to high levels, causing side effects. 

With that said, levocetirizine cannot prevent severe allergic reactions, such as anaphylaxis. Doctors usually recommend or prescribe it for mild conditions or as an adjunct therapy. Levocetirizine is not a substitute for regular epinephrine.

Most levocetirizine is sold over-the-counter in the U.S. Patients take it orally to self-treat conditions. Packaging contains instructions on the proper dosages and so on. However, doctors may prescribe some versions of the drug.

What is Levocetirizine Prescribed For?

Doctors prescribe levocetirizine for hay fever and skin hives.

Hay fever, also sometimes called allergic rhinitis, is a condition that gives people cold-like symptoms. While there is no infection, their immune system believes there is, confusing pollen in the air for dangerous pathogenic invaders.

Hives refer to itchy patches on the skin. Like hay fever, it is an allergic reaction to a perceived threat.

Levocetirizine blocks the chemicals in the immune system that cause unwanted symptoms, such as a runny nose, sore eyes, and red marks on the skin.

Manufacturers sell different types of levocetirizine depending on the age of the patient. Products are available for children and adults and usually provide relief for up to 24 hours.

How Does Levocetirizine Work?

Levocetirizine works by preventing the immune system from releasing proinflammatory histamines. When cells can no longer release these substances, it prevents the cascading immune system effects that can lead to itchy, red, and watery eyes, a runny nose, and discomfort caused by hives.

Levocetirizine works in a similar way to other antihistamine drugs. However, patients should never take it with other antihistamines, such as loratadine or fexofenadine. Doing so may lead to an overdose. 

Doctors often vary the dose according to the severity of the symptoms. For instance, those with more severe hay fever may need to take higher amounts.

What Are The Side Effects of Levocetirizine?

Like other antihistamines, levocetirizine has some potential side effects, which vary considerably by age. Fortunately, most side effects are not severe.

In people over age 12, side effects can include sore throat, redness, inflammation of the nose and throat, dry mouth, and tiredness.

The most common side effects in younger children aged 6 to 11 are drowsiness, nose bleeds, fever, and cough.

Common side effects in children aged 1 to 5 include diarrhea, vomiting, ear infections, and fever. Gastrointestinal side effects are common in babies over the age of 6 months.